GEOGRAPHY
NECTA FORM FOUR 2017
(For Both School and Private Candidates)
Time: 3 Hours
Instructions
1. This paper consists of sections A, B, C and D.
2. Answer all questions in sections A, B and C and one (1) question from each part of section D.
3. Map extract of Arusha (sheet 55/3) is provided.
4. Credit will be given for the use of relevant diagrams.
5. Calculators and Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s)
SECTION A (25 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY
1. For each of the items (i) (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter in the answer booklet provided.
(i) The luminous body which provides energy to the solar systems is
A. Sun
B. Earth
C. Moon
D. Planet
E. Satellite
(ii) The Earths layer which consist of Sial and Sima is called
A. lithosphere
B. hydrosphere
C. stratosphere
D. atmosphere
E. thermosphere
(iii) Which of the following is the process of wearing down the rock surface by wind where the load becomes cutting tools?
A. Deflation
B. Attrition
C. Abrasion
D. Corrasion
E. hydration
(iv) The renewed power of erosion of a river is called
A. river capture
B. river erosion
C. river rejuvenation
D. river meanders
E. river basin
(v) Prediction of the state of atmosphere in a region for 24 to 48 hours is known as
A. weather elements
B. weather report
C. weather instrument
D. weather station
E. Weather forecasting
(vi) The process through which rain water enters the round is called
A. Evaporation
B. Infiltration
C. Transpiration
D. Condensation
E. Percolation
(vii) The process of changing granite to gneiss rock is known as
A. sedimentation
B. vulcanism
C. denudation
D. metamorphism
E. Exfoliation
(viii) Which of the following is another name of Savanna climate in Africa?
A. Tropical maritime
B. Warm temperate maritime
C. Tropical grassland
D. Warm temperate desert
E. Cool temperate western margin
(ix) The process of peeling off and falling of rocks mass is called
A. disintegration
B. weathering
C. mass wasting
D. erosion
E. exfoliation
(x) Which of the following are features of ocean floor?
A. Basin, ocean deep and cliff.
B. Trench, Continental shelf and Stump
C. Trench, Ride and Ocean deep
D. Ocean deep, Continental shelf and Drumlin
E. Basin, Continental shelf and Tombolo
2. Match the items in List A with the responses inList B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet provided.
List A
|
List B
|
(i) Remove or loose materials from the rocks by force of moving water.
(ii) Fine and light particles moved by winds.
(iii) Dissolved soluble minerals which are found in rocks by flowing river water.
(iv) Tearing away of blocks of rocks which have become frozen into the sides or bottom of glacier.
(v) Swash carries pebbles and other rock fragments from the shore of the ocean.
|
A Corrasion
B Plucking
C hydraulic
D Siltation
E Deposition
F Attrition
G Exfoliation
H Abrasion
I Solution
J Suspension
|
3. (a) Define the term Soil.
(b) Briefly explain four importance of soil to human life.
(c) Mention three sources of soil nutrients.
SECTION B (27 Marks)
Answer all questions this section.
APPLICATION OF STATISTICS, INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH AND ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
4. (a) Define compound bar graph.
(b) Study carefully the table below on hypothetical data about cash crops production (in “000 tonnes) in East Africa in the year 2000, and then answer the questions that follow.
Country
|
Crops
| ||
Coffee
|
Tea
|
Cotton
| |
Kenya
|
2200
|
2000
|
1800
|
Uganda
|
1700
|
700
|
800
|
Tanzania
|
1300
|
1900
|
2300
|
(i) Draw compound bar graphs to presents the data provided.
(ii) Outline four merits of using compound bar graph.
5. (a) Describe the following research terms
(i) Population
(ii) Random sampling.
(iii) Literature review.
(b) (i) Define secondary data.
(ii) Give four merits of secondary data.
6. (a) Describe plane table survey.
(b) Explain five importance of plane table survey.
SECTION C (28 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section.
MAP READING AND PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION
7. Carefully study the map extract of Arusha (sheet 55/3) provided then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Describe the relief of the mapped area.
(b) Giving evidences, mention the major means of transport shown in a map.
(c) Change the scale of the map into statement scale.
(d) Measure the length of the road from grid references 378314 to grid references 480276 in kilometres.
(e) With evidence from the map, identify three social services which are found in this area.
8. Study carefully photograph provided then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Suggest the title of photograph.
(b) (i) Name the types of forest seen in the photograph.
(ii) Give two characteristics of the forest named in (i).
(c) Outline three ways of interpreting the photograph given.
(d) (i) Identify the product in the middle ground of the photograph .
(ii) Give two uses of the product in the middle ground of the photograph.
SECTION D (20 Marks)
Answer one (1) question from each part.
PART 1: REGIONAL FOCAL STUDIES
9. Explain seven ways of improving tourism industry in Tanzania.
10. Elaborate seven ways of managing industrial pollutants to the environment.
PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT
11. Describe five uses of population data to a country.
12. Explain six problems associated with expansion of cities in Tanzania.
1.
i
|
ii
|
iii
|
iv
|
v
|
vi
|
vii
|
viii
|
ix
|
x
|
A
|
A
|
C
|
C
|
E
|
E
|
D
|
C
|
C
|
C
|
2.
i
|
ii
|
iii
|
iv
|
v
|
C
|
J
|
I
|
B
|
A
|
3.(a) Soil is the thin upper most part of the earth's surface consisting of water air organic and minerals matters made by accumulation of weathered materials on which plants and animals live.
(b) Four importance of soil to human life are
(i) Source of minerals,
Some soils contain minerals which can be extracted for commercial purposes. For example Titanium is obtained from soil deposit of Kwale near Mombasa in Kenya Bauxite, which is mined in Guinea in West Africa
(ii) Habitat for organisms,
Soil functions as a habitat for organisms such as burrowing rodent, earthworms and termite. These organisms perhaps are significant in the process of soil formation
(iii) Building materials
Soil is used directly in making of bricks, tiles and white wash, The materials are the used in building of houses, bridges and other structures.
(iv) Fertile soil influence cultivation of crops.
(c) Three sources of soil nutrients are
(i) The weathering of rocks from which minerals derived.
(ii) The decomposition of organic matter in the soil.
(ii) Application of the artificial fertilizer to the soil.
4.(a) Compound bar graph is a method of data presentation that involves construction of bars which are divided into segments to show both the individual and cumulative values of items.
(b)
Country
|
Crops
| |||
Coffee
|
Tea
|
Cotton
|
Total
| |
Kenya
|
2200
|
2000
|
1800
|
6000
|
Uganda
|
1700
|
700
|
800
|
3200
|
Tanzania
|
1300
|
1900
|
2300
|
5500
|
(i) COMPOUND BAR GRAPS TO REPRESENT CASH CROPS PRODUCTION (in “000 tonnes) IN EAST AFRICA IN THE YEAR 2000.
(ii) Four merits of using compound bar graph are
· It is easy to read and interpret as the totals are clearly shown.
· It gives a clear visual impression of the total values.
· It clearly shows the rise and fall in the grand total values.
· It is easy to determine the value of each component.
5.(a) (i) Population in research is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of a scientific query. It is for the benefit of the population that researches are done.
(ii) Random sampling is a type of probability sampling where by every individual an equal chance to be selected in a sample has. This technique involves selecting a sample randomly from the sampling frame without replacement. E.g. it is very common in Lottery’s such as Bingo and communication companies.
(iii) Literature review involve readings of various publications to know what other scholars/researchers have done about what you are investigating. It enables the researcher to gain experience, to decide a good method to be a used, to identify the weakness and success of other researchers. Sources of literature reviews are journals/reports, books, internet.
(b) (i) secondary data is the data collected from documents. Example; through books, journals, economics, survey, census report, official report.
(ii) Four merits of secondary data are
· Saving of time.
· Saving of money.
· Generating new insights.
· Easy accessibility of secondary data.
6. (a) Plane table survey is a graphical method of surveying in which the field works and the plotting is done simultaneously. It is particularly adopting in small mapping. Plane table surveying is used for locating the field computation of area of field.
(b) Five importance of plane table survey are
(i) It is particularly suitable for magnetic area where prismatic compass is not reliable.
(ii) Contour and irregular object may be represented accurately.
(iii) It is less costly.
(iv) No great skill is required for satisfactory map.
(v) Field book is not necessary.
7. (a) The relief of the mapped area are
(i) Hills due to the presence of contour line and Hill names such as Elgeri Hill, Kivetek Hill, Lemugul Hill etc on a map.
(ii) Valley due to the presence of long narrow depression in between two Highland at grid references 315252.
(iii) Flat landscape due to the presence offarms (Farmers grow crops on plains) example loljaro Farms and Estates examples are
Burka Estates (at grid references365268)
Burka Estates located in the town of Arusha in the Arumeru on the flat landscape also Nyati estates(at grid references 335170) and Fair view estates(at grid references 320213)
(b) The major means of transport shown in a map are
(i) Road transport due to the presence of all weather roads shown in a map and
(ii) Air transport due to the presence of airstrip shown in a map.
(c) 2centimetrers on a map represent 1kilometre on actual ground.
(d) Grid references ERRORS
(e) Three social services which are found in this area are
(i) Power services due to the presence of power line shown in a map
(ii) Education services due to the presence of school such as Mwangula, Kisongo, Olmotonyishown in a map.
(iii) Transport services due to the presence of all weather roads and airstrip shown in a map.
8.(a) Title of photograph is Lumbering Process
(b) (i) The types of forest seen in the photograph is Coniferous Forest
(ii) Two characteristics of the forest named in (i) are
· Precipitation in coniferous forests varies from 300 to 900 mm annually.
· Coniferous forests are biomes of conifers or evergreen trees.
(c) Three ways of interpreting the photograph given are
(i) By determining the title on the photograph.
(ii) By interpreting vegetation on the photograph.
(iii) By interpreting climate shown on the photograph
(d) (i) The product in the middle ground of the photograph is Tree (pine tree) product
(ii) Two uses of the product in the middle ground of the photograph are
- · It is used in building and carpentry
- · It is used for cooking and heating,
9. Tourism refers to the travel of people away from home to other place for recreation, leisure, religious, family, or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism involves visiting places of interest like wildlife, beaches, museums etc.
Tourism industry is the people activities and organizations involved in providing tourism services for people on holiday, for example hotels, restaurants, and tour guides.
Seven ways of improving tourism industry in Tanzania are
(i) The ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, through Tanzania Tourist Board (TTB), must promote Tanzania’s tourist attractions through conducting publicity campaigns, preparation and publication of destination brochures and provision of tourist information.
(ii) Improvement and development of transport and communication infrastructures, particularly in areas with tourist attractions, in order to make these attractions accessible from the town centers.
(iii) Tourism resources such as national parks and game reserves should be protected from human encroachment. Also the environment on which the animals thrive, such as natural vegetation and water resources should be conserved.
(iv) There is need to identify and develop tourist attractions and improve the existing ones so as to diversify the tourist activities. Special emphasis should be put on improvement of pre-historical and archaeological sites, most of which are in very poor states.
(v) The level of hospitality to tourists must be improved through training of the tourism personnel so as to meet the world’s standards.
(vi) Attracting both local and foreign investors to put up facilities such as hotels, motels, lodges, etc. for tourists.
(vii) The political stability, peace and tranquility should be maintained to ensure maximum security to tourists.
10. Industrial pollution is generally referred to the undesirable outcome when a factory (or other industrial plants) emits harmful by-products and waste into the environment such as emissions to air or water bodies (water pollution), deposition on landfills etc (land pollution) or emission of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere (air pollution). The video below will provide an insight to the various forms of industrial pollution.
Seven ways of managing industrial pollutants to the environment are
(i) Recycling of industrial`s waste products rather than dumping them to the environment.
(ii) Proper maintenance of boiler e.g. blowing dust from surface, reducing excess air can reduce air pollution from industries.
(iii) Boosting performance of boilers can sharply reduce air pollution from industry.
(iv) Improve machineries or manufacturing processes to reduce emissions from factories
(v) Switching from coal, oil to natural gas reduced operating costs and extend plant’s life by eliminating corrosion from fuels.
(vi) Monitor Air quality in your industry periodically to identify irregularities in pollutants level in air and keep your pollutants level within limits.
(vii) To give awards to employees who reduced emissions in their shifts
11. Population is a number of people, animals and plants (living things) living a certain area. Or the inhabitants of a particular place.
Five uses of population data to a country are
(i) Population numbers and density enable the government to plan on low to allocate resources.
(ii) Data birth and death rates as well as fertility and mortality enable government to plan how to provide medical services and health education, especially where the death rate is very high.
(iii) Data on migration can enable a government to plan how to curb influx of people into urban areas from the rural regions if corrective measure are taken, loss of man power in the rural areas would be curbed as well as reducing influx of immigrants in urban centers.
(iv) Knowing the number of dependents enable the government to plan for expansion of schools, medical and other social amenities to take care of large number of children below the age of 15.
(v) It enable planning for creation of jobs, population census data provide information about overpopulation and under population.
12. A city is a large human settlement
Six problems associated with expansion of cities in Tanzania are
(i) Rise of transport problem e.g. Traffic congestion.
(ii) Shortage of social services e.g. School, health centers etc.
(iii) Overcrowding/over population leading to the crimes such as prostitution, robber and theft.
(iv) Unemployment.
(v) Environmental deterioration.
(vi) Presence of unplanned houses.